The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs that function as shock absorbers. Beginning around age 30, these discs lose approximately 1-2% of their hydration per year, gradually reducing their ability to cushion vertebral movements. This natural degeneration, called disc desiccation, is one of the primary contributors to back pain and can be effectively addressed with spinal decompression therapy.
As disc height decreases, the facet joints bear more weight than they were designed to handle. This redistribution of mechanical forces causes inflammation, cartilage wear, and eventually bone spur formation. The resulting narrowing of the spinal canal and neural foramina places direct pressure on nerve roots, producing the radiating pain many patients experience.
The paraspinal muscles and ligaments that stabilize the spine also undergo changes over time. When core stabilizer muscles weaken from inactivity or poor posture, the spine loses its dynamic support system. This muscular insufficiency forces passive structures like discs and ligaments to absorb forces they cannot sustain, accelerating degenerative changes and creating a cycle of pain and dysfunction.
